بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر صادرات پسته ایران با تأکید بر نقش تحریم‌های تجاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

2 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

چکیده

پسته مهمترین محصول صادراتی کشاورزی ایران است که در دهه اخیر با کاهش صادرات و رقابت‌پذیری روبرو بوده است. در این دوره، دو پدیده تحریمهای اقتصادی و پیدایش قدرت صادراتی چون آمریکا از مهمترین اتفاقات بوده است. حال پرسش این است آیا این عوامل دلیل تضعیف صادرات پسته ایران در سالیان اخیر بوده است؟ بدین منظور صادرات پسته به شرکای تجاری در دوره 1995-2013 با استفاده از الگوی جاذبه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر پایه نتایج، متغیرهای اندازه اقتصاد و درآمد کشورهای واردکننده اثری فزاینده و متغیرهای فاصله و تفاوت اقتصادی اثری کاهنده بر صادرات پسته داشته‌اند. همچنین تحریمهای تجاری اتحادیه اروپا و افزایش قدرت صادراتی آمریکا اثری منفی و معنیداری بر صادرات پسته داشته‌اند. در نتیجه همزمانی افزایش قدرت صادراتی آمریکا و تحریمهای تجاری موجب شد که ایران از اتحادیه اروپا به‌عنوان بازار هدف اصلی صادرات خارج شود و آمریکا جایگاه خود را تقویت کند. لذا پیشنهاد میشود سیاستگذاران برای جلوگیری از اثر کاهشی تحریمها بر صادرات پسته و رقابتپذیری ایران در بازار جهانی، شناسایی بازارهای هدف مناسب را در دستور کار قرار دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effective Factors on Iran’s Pistachio Export With emphasis on the role of Trade sanctions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Reza Karbasi 1
  • m a 2
1 استاد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
2 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
چکیده [English]

Pistachio is important agricultural export product in Iran which has faced with reduction in export and competitiveness in last decade. During this period, two phenomena like economic sanctions and emergence of export rival like USA has been most important events. Now, the question is whether these factors and their synchronicity have weakened Iranian pistachios export in recent years? For this purpose, Iranian pistachio exports to trading partners analyzed using gravity model in the period 1995-2013. Based on the results, economic size and importer’s income had increasing effect but distance and economic distance had decreasing effect on export. Also, EU trade sanctions and increase in USA export power have significantly negative effect on export. Therefore, synchronicity of increase in USA export power and EU sanctions has led to exit Iran from EU as main target market of export and USA strengthened its position regarding high economic interactions. So, it is suggested that policymakers should try to identify appropriate target market to avoid the effect of decreasing trade sanctions on Iran's exports and competitiveness in global market.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Trade Sanctions
  • Gravity Model
  • Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Estimator
  • Pistachio Export
  • Iran
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