Factors Affecting Visitors Willingness to Pay in Sardabeh Recreation Zone in Ardebil Province

Authors

Abstract

The objective of this study is to determine the optimal model for investment in dairy plants in all provinces of the country under uncertainty conditions during 1380 to 1387. To this end, first, the effective indicators on the final goal and their weights according to viewpoints and experiences of experts were determined. Then, in order to overecome the ambiguities and inaccuracy in judgments of experts and lack of data and information the Interval Logic (special case of Fuzzy Logic) was used. Since the type of decision making in this study was based on several indicators, therefore, Interval TOPSIS technique was employed. Optimal investment and percentages for each province in the construction of dairy plants based on uncertainty in values of indicators and their weights were determined. The results showed that the current pattern of investment in the construction of dairy industries in all provinces of the country was not optimal. It was recommended that in order to eliminate the gap between the current and optimal investment, future investment should be directed to provinces with lower level of investment.
 

Keywords


1. Amigue. j., oulatoff.C and Desaigues.B. 2002. The benefits andcosts of riparian analysis habitat preservation: a Willingness toaccept / willingness to pay contingent valuation approach.Ecological Economics 43: 17-31.
2. Amirnejad. H. and Khalilian.S. 2006. Estimating the existencevalue of north forests of Iran using a contingent valuation method.Journal of Agric. Sci. Nature. Resour., Vol. 13(2).
3. Amirnejad. H., Khalilian.S. , Assareh. M.H and Ahmadian. M.2006. Estimating the existence value of north forests of Iran bycontingent valuation method. Ecological Economics, 58: 665-675.
4. Cameron.T.A. 1988. A New Paradigm for valuing Non-marketGoods Using Referendum Data: Maximum Likelihood Estimationby Censored Logistic Regression. Journal of EnvironmentalEconomics and Management, 15: 335-379.
5. Cameron.T.A. and James.M.D. 1987. Efficient EstimationMethods for Close-Ended Contingent Valuation Surveys. Reviewof Economics and Statistics, 69:269-276.
6. Carson.R.T. 1991. Constructed markets. In:Braden,J.B.,Kolstad,C.D.(Eds.). Measuring the Demand for EnvironmentalQuality. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp:121-162.
7. Cersen.K. 2001. Fundamental of tourism. Translate: Gamkhar. A.Tehran.
8. Cultural heritage handicrafts and tourism organization of Ardabilprovince. 2009. Sardabeh exemplary tourism zone, Ardabil as anexemplary tourism region. PP: 7.
9. Daneshvar kakhaki, M., Sadat Hamraz. S. and Jalili. M. 2007.Estimating economic valuation of village zone: case study Zashkvillage zone. Journal of Rural and development, Vol. 10(3): 135-154.
10. Garrod. G.D. and Willis.K.G. 1990. Contingent ValuationTechniques: A Review of Their Unbisedness, Efficiency andConsistency. Countryside Change Working Paper Series WP10,Countryside Unit, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne.
11. Gurlu. S. 2006. The estimation of ecosystem services value in theregion of Misi Rural Development Project: Rsults from a 11contingent valuation survey. Journal of Forest policy andEconomics 9(3): 209-218.
12. Greene. W.H .1993. Econometric analysis. Second edition. NewYork: Macmillan.
13. Greene. W.H .2002. Econometric analysis. Fifth edition. PrenticeHall.
14. Haneman. W.M .1984. Welfare evaluation in contingent valuationexperiments with discrete responses. American journal ofAgricultural Economics, 71:332-341.
15. Heckman. J. 1976. The common structure of statistical oftruncation, sample selection and limited dependent variables anda simple estimator for such models . Journal of Economic andSocial Measurement. 5: 475-492.
16. Kealy. J.M. and Turner. R.W. 1993. A test of the equality ofclose-ended and open-ended contingent valuations. AmericanJournal of Agricultural Economics, 75(2): 321-331.
17. Khodaverdizadeh. M., Kavoosi Kelashemi. M., Hayati. B andMolaei. M. 2009. Estimating of recreation value and determiningthe factors effective in visitors' WTP for Saint Stepanus Churchusing the Heckman two-stage and CV methods. World AppliedSciences Journal, 7(4): 543-551.
18. Khodaverdizadeh. M., Hayati. B and Kavoosi Kelashemi. M.2008. Estimating the outdoor recreation value of Kandovantourism village of East Azarbayjan with the use of contingentvaluation method. Environmental Sciences, 5(4): 43-52.
19. Krieger. D.J. 2001. Economic Value of forest ecosystemServices: A review، The wilderness society، Washington، D.C،U.S.A.
20. Loomis. J.B and Gonzalez- Cabon. A. 1998. A willingness to payfunction for protecting acres of spotted OWL habitat from fire،Ecological Economics، 25: 315-322.
21. Maile. P and Mendelsohn. R. 1991. Valuing ecotourism inMadagascar, New Haven: Yale school of forestry, Mimco.
22. McConnell. K.E. 1990. Models for referendum Data: Thestructure of Discrete choice models for contingent valuation.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 18: 19-
34.
23. Mcdonald. J. F and. Moffitt. R. A. 1982. The uses of Tobitanalysis. Review of Economic and Statistics. Vol. 62: 318-321.
24. Molaei. M., Yazdani.S. and Sharzehi. Gh. 2009. Estimatingpreservation value of Arasbaran forest ecosystem using
contingent valuation. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 3(2):37-64.
25. Pajhoyan.J. and Falihi, N. 2008. Economic valuation ofrecreational services of natural resources case study Anzali
wetland. Economic research, 8(1): 147-171.
26. Pattanayak. S. and Mercer. D. E. 1998. Valuing soil conservationbenefits of agroforestry: contour hedgerows in the easternVisayas, Philippines. Agricultural Economics. 18, 31-46.
27. Reynisdottir. M , Song. H and. Agrusa. J. 2008. Willingness topay entrance fees to natural attractions: An Icelandic case study.Tourism Management. 29:1076– 1083.
28. Salami. H.A. and Einallahi Ahmadabadi. M. 2001. Using Tobiteconometric model and two stage Heckman in evaluationeffective factors in cultivation of sugarbeet in north Khorasan.Journal of Iranian agriculture scince 33(2): 433-445.
29. Scheaffer. R.L., Mendenhall. W. and Ott. L. 2006. Elementarysurvey sampling. Translate: Arghami. N., Sanjari.R. andBozorgnia. A. Ferdowsi university press. PP: 435.
30. Tambia. N.E. , Mukhebi. W.A., Maina. W.O. and Solomon. H.M.1998. Probit analysis of livestock producers’ demand for privateveterinary services in high potential agricultural areas of Kenya.Agricultural Systems. 59: 163-176.
31. Whister.D .1999. An Introductory Guide to Shazam. Econ . ubc.Ca. Logit Test for Heteroskedasticity.
32. rtf yhF ht dennedidiWW .2003 .S.yeddiF dWh .C .J .dtehitihWCenhefhn tr Jtefdhn .fiWtefliW lenhefhn rhfeheri WegrifiiW،sltdtrelW 27(3–4)، 231–240.